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Digital TechnologyLore - Technology Canon
67 OW -
Digital technology describes the vast category of information-processing systems based on binary encodings used in Oshmondu. This article seeks to give a chronological overview of inventions.
As part of the Holderhold effort to develop apparati and especially their communication network, they introduced the first "communicators" in 67 OW. These were hardwired logical systems who formed part of an apparatus communication base station, used to encode and decode basic messages typed by pressing actuators to the impulse-based transmissions in gems. A more advanced means of communicating information, using four-symbol encodings on gems, was developed; this step came at the same time of more generic "computers", which included a communicator gem rack but also a generic processor which processed inputs from users and the gem rack following logic laid out in a modifiable "program" rather than being hardwired into the machine. These computers were based on earlier Dwarven designs, also used for communication and basic math. They were very bulky - usually several meters wide and tall - and ran on electricity, though that was provided through apparatus gems as well.
Widespread electrification took place.
Dedicated computers, experimental machines made to work especially on mathematical problems, were developed in Holderhold in 95. The first wholly electrical computer, taking programs and input variables in the form of punch cards and using no apparatus components at all, was designed in Cuprien in 113. It elicited some scientific excitement, but innovation on this axis was relatively slow. Computers gradually became smaller, only about a meter cube, and featured digital displays, primitive keyboard inputs, and programs encoded on disks by 192.
The first portable computer (the size of a suitcase) was developed by a Cuprien-Silurite conglomerate in 237. A version released in 239, intended for large companies and military ships, included an interface for an apparatus Digital Gem Communication Module. Small gem communicators were already well-known and in use for nearly a century, and DGCMs were developed in 178 to be able to connect computers (essentially giving them the functionality of the early communicators) or even start programs remotely. The 235 DGCM standard NS-27716, a revolutionary precedent for technological design in general, specified the physical and behavioral characteristics of such a module, allowing the production of generic modules for different computers and even making it possible for newer modules with a different protocol to work on older computers, so long as there was software support. Other hardware devices would also (in a halting but mostly consistent development) be designed to be modular in such a manner. Of course, Cuprien standards corresponded largely with Silurite, but that was it; Two Isles and Phoenix companies did their own thing, and there were two competing corporations in Holderhold, and another separate company in the Dwarven Empire. Still, the powerful principle of modularity was now understood.
By 300 OW, worldwide communication was based on a quite solid web of DGCM-based networks, and a full coverage of Oshmondu with radio. The military generally communicated using text-based messages on protected DGC networks, using radio to reach small units which did not carry DGCM-capable devices (still backpack-sized) or as a backup. Radio had established itself over verbal DGC for its greater flexibility, reliability, and cheapness.
In the 350s, "personal computers" were relatively widespread, such that colleges and local company headquarters had them. Communication was more expensive than communication, requiring either the (very expensive) set-up of a DGC network and corresponding DGCMs for all company devices, or an involved but cheaper system of writing data to physical disks and distributing them through the mail or internal delivery systems. In 352, the first laptop was introduced: it was about the size of a large book, ran a generic operating system (the most popular, open-sourced kernel, called Prola, had been developed by Paola Utiz in 316; though the first laptop came with its company's proprietary OS), and had a MicroGC port to attach an NS-27716e DGCM. It was a very fancy piece of hardware, and of course connecting it to others required having access to a DGC network, something which always came with its own communication protocol software.
The Union military developed the Military Computer Information Network MCIN in 349 on the base of a revolutionary idea: to communicate exclusively through digital means. It accordingly setup radio and copper cable communication protocols, designed central servers, and established a digital content sharing protocol on top of this infrastructure. It was involved, and took some years to complete; but in the end, this was the first entirely digital communication network. It only functioned on specific machines and required considerable central setup, but it worked, and it amazed the engineers (including private contractors) who worked on it.
Inspired by the MCIN, a group of university and religious researchers designed their own protocol and network stack, based on the open-source Digital Content Communication Protocol, and connected their computers to one another in what they called the "internet" (derived from "international", hoping for the system to be fully open and free from borders) in 372. This also required the design of an address resolution system, and a plethora of other technologies.
The state and big companies began supporting the internet, first servers were built, and the network rapidly expanded. By 385, there was a centrally established Address Discovery System based on nine different servers in the Union, and all new devices in the Union and its allies were now produced with network interface cards, while WDCM devices with MicroGC ports (along with corresponding software) allowed older devices to connect to the internet through a device using the old gem interface. The internet was huge, it was easy for even small private users to host their own pages, and it was a radical success. The Dwarves, on their part, caught on to the magnitude of this system as early as 360, but development was slower and very strictly centrally directed, such that a centralized separate network commonly called SecondNet went live around 391 (with restricted experimental access starting in 382). It was possible for internet users to access the SecondNet only through a central portal, with a login purchased from the Dwarves, and granting only limited access; various methods allowed SecondNet users to access the entire internet freely, though these methods were all regulated and private users' access usually strictly limited (and completely banned from 422 onwards, with communication only possible through official sites which acted as an interface to the open internet).
The Union's telephone system was integrated into the internet in 388 (though it still relied on fixed devices attached to copper cables). This did open the possibility for computers to act as "telephones", though they were generally not outfitted with the hardware capability to identify as such.
The possibility of communicating wirelessly and cheaply with digital devices using the radio network greatly motivated the development of portable devices; the military hardware applications were of course diverse, while laptops swiftly grew smaller and integrated network cards as mentioned; the first wireless receiver/emitter antennae were built into a laptop in 393.
The first internet mobile phone was introduced in 421, in a country in the midst of crisis; it would take until 428 for the internet to be rebuilt and the State of Humanity to settle enough for consumer mobile phones to start being produced. Touchscreens were invented in 439, with mobile phones rapidly developing into very popular, very capable devices which nearly every free human owned. The Dwarven Empire initially refused to allow internet-linked phones, but in 445 it came out with the AllSmart 1, a touchscreen device with full SecondNet access (including an AllSmart-exclusive phone network, but apps also allowed other channels for verbal communication over the SecondNet), which was on the hardware level a very close copy of a five year old human device.
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